MIDI
About 
MIDI
About MIDI
MIDI Overview
MIDI only contaions playing information (e.g. press C key), and not contains any audio information. So you need a MIDI module or synthesizer to play MIDI data. Since Windows contains "Microsoft GS Wavetable Synth", you may use this. Additionally, the actual sound or sound quality is different in each MIDI module or synthesizer.
MIDI Message List
Here is a list of messages streaming in the MIDI cable (recently maybe the USB cable instead) which is connected between MIDI devices.
| Group | Name | Message Array | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Channel Voice Message | Note Off |
{0x8n, 0xkk, 0xvv} n = Channel Number (0~F) kk = Key (00~7F) vv = Velocity of Releasing Key (00~7F) |
This message is used to stop voice of specified key. For example, when you release the key of center "C" (key=60) at velocity 100, the message {0x80, 0x60, 0x64} is sent from the keyboard to the MIDI module. If the MIDI devices which is not implemented release velocity, this event isn't used, instead of, note on with velocity 0 is used. |
| Note On |
{0x9n, 0xkk, 0xvv} n = Channel Number (0~F) kk = Key(00~7F) vv = Velocity of Pressing Key (00~7F) |
This message is used to start voice of specified key. However if the velocity is 0, this message means note off. For example, if you press the key of center "C" (key=60) at velocity 100, the message {0x90, 0x36, 0x64} is sent from the keyboard to the MIDI module. | |
| Key Aftertouch |
{0xAn, 0xkk, 0xvv} n = Channel Number (0~F) kk = Key(00~7F) vv = Pressure(00~7F) |
This message is used when the pressure of the pressing key is changed after pressing the key. And this message may cause the key's volume change or brightness change, in some of MIDI module. | |
| Control Change |
{0xBn, 0xNN, 0xvv} n = Channel Number (0~F) NN = Control Change Number (00~7F) vv = value (00~7F) |
This message is used to change Modulation(CC#1), Volume(CC#7), Pan(CC#10), Expression(CC#11), Sustin Pedal(CC#64), Reverb(CC#91), Chorus(CC#93), Delay(CC#94) and so on. Following is famous control change number and the meaning. Available control change number is depend on MIDI module, for detail, see MIDI module's documenatation. CC#0 : Bank Select MSB CC#1 : Modulation CC#6 : Data Entry CC#7 : Volume CC#10 : Pan CC#11 : Expression CC#32 : Bank Select LSB CC#64 : Hold Pedal 1 CC#91 : Reverb Send Level CC#93 : Chorus Send Level CC#94 : Delay Send Level CC#98 : NRPN LSB CC#99 : NRPN MSB CC#100 : RPN LSB CC#101 : RPN MSB NRPN and RPN is used to select item to adjust when CC#6 is used. For example, to set pitch bend sensitivity 12 (+/- 1 octave), three control changes must be used, which is, CC#100 = 0, CC#101 = 0 and CC#6 = 12. Available value of NRPN and RPN is depend on MIDI module, for datail, see MIDI module's documentation. |
|
| Program Change |
{0xCn, 0xNN} n = Channel Number (0~F) NN = Program Change Number (00~7F) |
This message is used to select voice (eg, piano, strings). However, at channel 10 (n=9), it may be used to select drum set. The voice list is depend on MIDI module, but in case of GM / GM2 / GS / XG MIDI module, the voice list is strictly defined. By using program change, you can select from one of 128 voices. But by using bank select MSB (CC#0) and bank select LSB (CC#32) previously, you can select from one of 2097152 voices, which is, CC#0 = MSB value, CC#32 = LSB value, and program change = NN. Available bank select MSB, bank select LSB, and program number is listed in MIDI module's documentation (Voice Name List). | |
| Channel Aftertouch |
{0xDn, 0xNN} n = Channel Number (0~F) vv = Velocity (00~7F) |
This message is sent when the pressure of the pressing key is changed after pressing the key. And this message may cause the channel's volume change or brightness change, in some of MIDI module. | |
| Pitch Bend |
{0xEn, 0xMM, 0xLL} n = Chunnel Number (0~F) MM = Value (00~7F) LL = Value (00~7F) |
It is used to change tone frequency . The value is 0 to 8192 to 16383. But on the MIDI sequencer it is shown as -8192 to 0 to 8192. The lowest value is {0xEn, 0x00, 0x00}, the center value is {0xEn, 0x40, 0x00}, and the highest value is {0xEn, 0x7F, 0x7F}. The range of changing frequency is defined by pitch bend sensitivity. When the pitch bend sensitivity is 12 [half key], the range becomes +/- 1 octave. | |
| System Exclusive Message |
{0xF0, 0xaa, ... , 0xF7} aa = (00~7F) |
This message is used to setup MIDI module. The first byte is 0xF0 and the last byte is 0xF7, and between these bytes is filled with 0x00 to 0x07. The second byte (or the second to the fourth byte) is used as a production maker's ID. System exclusive message's meaning is depend on the MIDI module, so this message is not compatible. Following are famous system exclusive message, For datail, see each MIDI module's documentation. GM System Off : {0xF0, 0x7E, 0x7F, 0x09, 0x02, 0xF7} GM System On : {0xF0, 0x7E, 0x7F, 0x09, 0x01, 0xF7} GM2 System On : {0xF0, 0x7E, 0x7F, 0x09, 0x03, 0xF7} GS Reset : {0xF0, 0x41, 0x10, 0x42, 0x12, 0x40, 0x00, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x41, 0xF7} XG Reset : {0xF0, 0x43, 0x10, 0x4C, 0x00 0x,00, 0x7E, 0x00, 0xF7} Master Volume : {0xF0, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x04, 0x01, 0x00, value, 0xF7} |
|
| System Common Message | MIDI Time code quarter frame |
{0xF1, 0xaa} aa = a value which means a segment and a part of time value (00~7F) |
This message is used synchronize by SMPTE/MTC. This message means a time [hour : minute: second: frame] by 8 messages. Assuming that the value is 0abcdefg in binary, in case abc is 0, defg means lower 4 bit of frame count, in case abc is 1, defg means higher 4 bit of frame count, in case abc is 2, defg means lower 4 bit of second, in case abc is 3, defg means higher 4 bit of second, in case abc is 4, defg means lower 4 bit of minute, in case abc is 5, defg means higher 4 bit of minute, in case abc is 6, defg means lower 4 bit of hour, and in case abc is 7, d is 0, ef means frame rate (00=24fps, 01=25fps, 02=29.97fps, 03=30fps), and g means higher 1 bit of hour. |
| Song Position Selector |
{0xF2, 0xLL, 0xMM} LL = lower 7bit (00~7F) MM = higher 7bit (00~7F) |
It is used to specify playing position. The value is 0 to 16383, and the value 1 means 6 MIDI timing clocks, which is semiquaver note. | |
| Song Number |
{0xF3, 0xNN} NN = sequence number (00～7F) |
This message is used to select sequence number or drum pattern number. | |
| Tune Request | {0xF6} | This message is used to tuning of analog synthesizer. This message is seldom used. | |
| System Real Time Message | MIDI Clock | {0xF8} | This message is used to synchronize by MIDI timing clock. The interval of this message is depend on the current tempo, and this message is streamed 24 times per quarter note. |
| Start | {0xFA} | This message is used to start or stop playing of the MIDI sequencer. Start means to play from the beginning of the MIDI data. Stop means to stop playing. Continue means to play from current position. | |
| Continue | {0xFB} | ||
| Stop | {0xFC} | ||
| Active Sensing | {0xFE} | This message is streamed about 300 msec interval to check the MIDI cable is connected normally. | |
| System reset | {0xFF} | This message is used to initialize the MIDI module. This message is seldom used. |
MIDI Event List in the MIDI file
Here is a list of MIDI Event in the MIDI File. Each event belongs to a MIDI track, and each event has a time stamp.
| Type | Event Kind Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Meta Event | Sequence Number | Sequence number (0 ~ 65535). This is seldom used. |
| Text | Arbitrary string (comment and so on). | |
| Copyright | Arbitrary string (copyright information). This is generally written in the time 0 position of the first srack. | |
| Track Name | Arbitrary string (track name)。This event is generally written in the time 0 position of each track. In the standard MIDI file format 0, or in the first track of standard MIDI file format1, this event means sequence name. | |
| Instrument Name | Arbitrary string (instrument name). A module name that creator used in this track like "SC-88Pro" or "MU-128". This is often omitted. | |
| Lyrics | Arbitrary string (lyrics). Lyrics is written for each note. This event affects to the view only, and not affects to performance, even if your module has an ability to pronounce. | |
| Marker | Arbitrary string (marker). In the standard MIDI file format 1, this event is generally written in the first track. | |
| Cue Point | Arbitrary string (cue point). In the standard MIDI file format 1, this event is generally written in the first track. | |
| Program Name | Arbitrary string (Program name, the patch name you used in this track). This is often omitted. | |
| Device Name | Arbitrary string (Device name, the port name you used in this track). This is often omitted. | |
| Channel Prefix | Write channel number which channel to output this track's non MIDI channel event. Thi is often omitted. | |
| Port Prefix (* Unofficial in the standard MIDI file) | Write port number which port to output this track's MIDI channel event or System exclusive event. If you use only one module, this is omitted. If you use multiple modules, this is used to specify port number. | |
| End of track | Must be written in the last of each track. This is used to detect end time. It is not allowed to omit this event. | |
| Tempo | Write tempo. In the standard MIDI file, the unit of tempo is saved in [microsec per quarter note], which is calculated by 60000000 / Tempo [BPM]. In the standard MIDI file format 1, this event must be written in the first track. If this event is omitted, the tempo is recognaized as 120 [BPM]. | |
| SMPTE offset | Write to specify offset of MIDI time and SMPTE time in hour : minute : second : frame : subframe. If you doesn't use SMPTE or if smpte offset is 0, this is omitted. | |
| Time Signature | Write time signature like 4/4. This event has four parameters, which are numerator, denominator, a number of clocks per quarter note (always 24), and a number of demisemiquarver note per quarter note (always 8). This event affects to only view, not affect to performance. In the standard MIDI file, denominator is saved in the power of 2. In the standard MIDI file format 1, this event must be written in the first Track. If this event is omitted, it is recognized as 4/4. | |
| Key Signature | Write key signature like 3#major. This event has two parameter, which are a number of sharp or flat and major / minor. The first parameter, if sharp, write a number of sharp in the positive. If flat, write a number of flat in negative. The second parameter, if major, write 0, if minor, write 1. This event affects to only view, not affect to performance. In the standard MIDI file format 1, this event must be written in the first Track. If this event is omitted, it is recognized as 0#major (Cmajor). | |
| Sequencer Specific | Write sequencer original meta event. The first byte or 3bytes is ID to identify sequencer's manufacturer. And following, write binary data specified by the manufacturer. | |
| MIDI Channel Event | Note Off | Release key. Write channel number (1 ~ 16), key number (0 ~ 127) and velocity (0 ~ 127). |
| Note On | Push key. Write channel number (1 ~ 16), key number (0 ~ 127) and velocity (0 ~ 127). If velocity is 0, it is recognized as Note Off. The duration is until appearing next note off event whose channel and key is correspondent to this note on's in the same track. | |
| Key After Touch | Use when the pressure is changed to press key after pushing key. Write channel number (1~16), key number (0 ~ 127) and pressure value (0 ~ 127). In some MIDI module, the tone will change, and the others, nothing will change. | |
| Control Change |
Adjust various parameter like volume and pan. Write channel number (1 ~ 16), control number (0 ~ 127), and value (0 ~ 127). Control number is often signed CC#. Here is some example. CC#0 : Bank Select MSB CC#1 : Modulation CC#6 : Data Entry CC#7 : Volume CC#10 : Pan CC#11 : Expression CC#32 : Bank Select LSB CC#64 : Hold Pedal CC#91 : Reverb Send Level CC#93 : Chorus Send Level CC#94 : Deleay Send Level CC#98 : NRPN LSB CC#99 : NRPN MSB CC#100 : RPN LSB CC#101 : RPN MSB NRPN and RPN are used to select adjust parameter by CC#6. For example, when you want to set pitch bend sensitivity 12 (plus or minus 1 octave), three control changes must be used, which are CC#100=0, CC#101=0, CC#6=0. Each event must be sent this sequence, so each event must be written with about 5 tick interval. Available NRPN and RPN are depend on a MIDI module, see also your module's manual. |
|
| Program change | Change the voice (Piano, guitar, strings, and so on). Write channel number (1 ~ 16) and program number (1 ~ 127). If the MIDI module that has more than 128 voices, use CC#0 (Bank Select MSB) and CC#32 (Bank Select LSB) with this event. For example, CC#0=0, CC#32=2, Program Change=48. Each event must be sent this sequence, so each event must be written with about 5 tick interval. Available tone's Bank Select MSB or LSB are depend on a MIDI module, see also your module's manual (Voice Name List). | |
| Channel After Touch | Use when the pressure to press key is changed after pushing key. Write channel number (1~16) and pressure velue (0 ~ 127). In some MIDI module, the tone will change, and the others, nothing will change. | |
| Pitch Bend | Change the frequency. Write channel number (1 ~ 16) and value (-8192 ~ +8191, 0 is center). The changing width of frequency is depend on pitch bend sencitivity, if its value is 12, the width is plus or minus 1 octave. Pitch bend sencitivity can be set by using CC#101, CC#100 and CC#6. | |
| System Exclusive Event | System Exclusive (normal) |
Use to send module original command. System exclusive data begins 0xF0, and ends 0xF7 and during data's value must be 0x00~0x7F. Here is some example. GM System Off : {0xF0, 0x7E, 0x7F, 0x09, 0x02, 0xF7} GM System On : {0xF0, 0x7E, 0x7F, 0x09, 0x01, 0xF7} GM2 System On : {0xF0, 0x7E, 0x7F, 0x09, 0x03, 0xF7} GS Reset : {0xF0, 0x41, 0x10, 0x42, 0x12, 0x40, 0x00, 0x7F, 0x00, 0x41, 0xF7} XG Reset : {0xF0, 0x43, 0x10, 0x4C, 0x00 0x,00, 0x7E, 0x00, 0xF7} Master Volume : {0xF0, 0x7F, 0x7F, 0x04, 0x01, 0x00, value, 0xF7} |
| System Exclusive (arbitrary) | Use to send module original command separately, generally to send a command longer than 128 bytes which takes long time to send. Therefore, it is allowed the first byte is not 0xF0 or the last byte is not 0xF7, but duraing data' value must be 0x00~0x7F. |
Note Key Name and Drum Key (GS) Name List
| No. | Bin | Hex | Note Key Name | Drum Key Name (GS) | No. | Bin | Hex | Note Key Name | Drum Key Name (GS) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0x00 | C-2 | - | 64 | 1000000 | 0x40 | E3 | Low Conga |
| 1 | 1 | 0x01 | C#-2=Db-2 | - | 65 | 1000001 | 0x41 | F3 | High Timbale |
| 2 | 10 | 0x02 | D-2 | - | 66 | 1000010 | 0x42 | F#3=Gb3 | Low Timbale |
| 3 | 11 | 0x03 | D#-2=Eb-2 | - | 66 | 1000011 | 0x43 | G3 | High Agogo |
| 4 | 100 | 0x04 | E-2 | - | 68 | 1000100 | 0x44 | G#3=Ab3 | Low Agogo |
| 5 | 101 | 0x05 | F-2 | - | 69 | 1000101 | 0x45 | A3 | Cabasa |
| 6 | 110 | 0x06 | F#-2=Gb-2 | - | 70 | 1000110 | 0x46 | A#3=Bb3 | Maracas |
| 7 | 111 | 0x07 | G-2 | - | 71 | 1000111 | 0x47 | B3 | Short Hi Whistle |
| 8 | 1000 | 0x08 | G#-2=Ab-2 | - | 72 | 1001000 | 0x48 | C4 | Long Low Whistle |
| 9 | 1001 | 0x09 | A-2 | - | 73 | 1001001 | 0x49 | C#4=Db4 | Short Gurio |
| 10 | 1010 | 0x0A | A#-2=Bb2 | - | 74 | 1001010 | 0x4A | D4 | Long Guiro |
| 11 | 1011 | 0x0B | B-2 | - | 75 | 1001011 | 0x4B | D#4=Eb4 | Claves |
| 12 | 1100 | 0x0C | C-1 | - | 76 | 1001100 | 0x4C | E4 | High Wood Block |
| 13 | 1101 | 0x0D | C#-1=Db-1 | - | 77 | 1001101 | 0x4D | F4 | Low Wood Block |
| 14 | 1110 | 0x0E | D-1 | - | 78 | 1001110 | 0x4E | F#4=Gb4 | Mute Cuica |
| 15 | 1111 | 0x0F | D#-1=Eb-1 | - | 79 | 1001111 | 0x4F | G4 | Open Cuica |
| 16 | 10000 | 0x10 | E-1 | - | 80 | 1010000 | 0x50 | G#4=Ab4 | Mute Triangle |
| 17 | 10001 | 0x11 | F-1 | - | 81 | 1010001 | 0x51 | A4 | Open Triangle |
| 18 | 10010 | 0x12 | F#-1=Gb-1 | - | 82 | 1010010 | 0x52 | A#4=Bb4 | Shaker |
| 19 | 10011 | 0x13 | G-1 | - | 83 | 1010011 | 0x53 | B4 | Jingle Bell |
| 20 | 10100 | 0x14 | G#-1=Ab-1 | - | 84 | 1010100 | 0x54 | C5 | Bell Tree |
| 21 | 10101 | 0x15 | A-1 | - | 85 | 1010101 | 0x55 | C#5=Db5 | Castanets |
| 22 | 10110 | 0x16 | A#-1=Bb-1 | - | 86 | 1010110 | 0x56 | D5 | Mute Surdo |
| 23 | 10111 | 0x17 | B-1 | - | 87 | 1010111 | 0x57 | D#5=Eb5 | Open Surdo |
| 24 | 11000 | 0x18 | C0 | - | 88 | 1011000 | 0x58 | E5 | - |
| 25 | 11001 | 0x19 | C#0=Db0 | Snare Roll | 89 | 1011001 | 0x59 | F5 | - |
| 26 | 11010 | 0x1A | D0 | Finger Snap | 90 | 1011010 | 0x5A | F#5=Gb5 | - |
| 27 | 11011 | 0x1B | D#0=Eb0 | High Q | 91 | 1011011 | 0x5B | G5 | - |
| 28 | 11100 | 0x1C | E0 | Slap | 92 | 1011100 | 0x5C | G#5=Ab5 | - |
| 29 | 11101 | 0x1D | F0 | Scratch Push | 93 | 1011101 | 0x5D | A5 | - |
| 30 | 11110 | 0x1E | F#0=Gb0 | Scratch Pull | 94 | 1011110 | 0x5E | A#5=Bb5 | - |
| 31 | 11111 | 0x1F | G0 | Sticks | 95 | 1011111 | 0x5F | B5 | - |
| 32 | 100000 | 0x20 | G#0=Ab0 | Square Click | 96 | 1100000 | 0x60 | C6 | - |
| 33 | 100001 | 0x21 | A0 | Metronome Click | 97 | 1100001 | 0x61 | C#6=Db6 | - |
| 34 | 100010 | 0x22 | A#0=Bb0 | Metronome Bell | 98 | 1100010 | 0x62 | D6 | - |
| 35 | 100011 | 0x23 | B0 | Standard Kick 2 | 99 | 1100011 | 0x63 | D#6=Eb6 | - |
| 36 | 100100 | 0x24 | C1 | Standard Kick 1 | 100 | 1100100 | 0x64 | E6 | - |
| 37 | 100101 | 0x25 | C#1=Db1 | Side Stick | 101 | 1100101 | 0x65 | F6 | - |
| 38 | 100110 | 0x26 | D1 | Standard Snare 1 | 102 | 1100110 | 0x66 | F#6=Gb6 | - |
| 39 | 100111 | 0x27 | D#1-Eb1 | Hand Clap | 103 | 1100111 | 0x67 | G6 | - |
| 40 | 101000 | 0x28 | E1 | Standard Snare 2 | 104 | 1101000 | 0x68 | G#6=Ab6 | - |
| 41 | 101001 | 0x29 | F1 | Low Tom 2 | 105 | 1101001 | 0x69 | A6 | - |
| 42 | 101010 | 0x2A | F#1=Gb1 | Closed Hi-hat | 106 | 1101010 | 0x6A | A#6=Bb6 | - |
| 43 | 101011 | 0x2B | G1 | Low Tom 1 | 107 | 1101011 | 0x6B | B6 | - |
| 44 | 101100 | 0x2C | G#1=Ab1 | Pedal Hi-hat | 108 | 1101100 | 0x6C | C7 | - |
| 45 | 101101 | 0x2D | A1 | Mid Tom 2 | 109 | 1101101 | 0x6D | C#7=Db7 | - |
| 46 | 101110 | 0x2E | A#1=Bb1 | Open Hi-hat | 110 | 1101110 | 0x6E | D7 | - |
| 47 | 101111 | 0x2F | B1 | Mid Tom 1 | 111 | 1101111 | 0x6F | D#7=Eb7 | - |
| 48 | 110000 | 0x30 | C2 | High Tom 2 | 112 | 1110000 | 0x70 | E7 | - |
| 49 | 110001 | 0x31 | C#2=Db2 | Crash Symbal 1 | 113 | 1110001 | 0x71 | F7 | - |
| 50 | 110010 | 0x32 | D2 | High Tom 1 | 114 | 1110010 | 0x72 | F#7=Gb7 | - |
| 51 | 110011 | 0x33 | D#2=Eb2 | Ride Symbal 1 | 115 | 1110011 | 0x73 | G7 | - |
| 52 | 110100 | 0x34 | E2 | Chinese Cymbal | 116 | 1110100 | 0x74 | G#7=Ab7 | - |
| 53 | 110101 | 0x35 | F2 | Ride Bell | 117 | 1110101 | 0x75 | A7 | - |
| 54 | 110110 | 0x36 | F#2=Gb2 | Tambourine | 118 | 1110110 | 0x76 | A#7=Bb7 | - |
| 55 | 110111 | 0x37 | G2 | Splash Cymbal | 119 | 1110111 | 0x77 | B7 | - |
| 56 | 111000 | 0x38 | G#2=Ab2 | Cowbell | 120 | 1111000 | 0x78 | C8 | - |
| 57 | 111001 | 0x39 | A2 | Crash Cymbal 2 | 121 | 1111001 | 0x79 | C#8=Db8 | - |
| 58 | 111010 | 0x3A | A#2=Bb2 | Vibra-Snap | 122 | 1111010 | 0x7A | D8 | - |
| 59 | 111011 | 0x3B | B2 | Ride Cymbal 2 | 123 | 1111011 | 0x7B | D#8=Eb8 | - |
| 60 | 111100 | 0x3C | C3 | High Bongo | 124 | 1111100 | 0x7C | E8 | - |
| 61 | 111101 | 0x3D | C#3=Db3 | Low Bongo | 125 | 1111101 | 0x7D | F8 | - |
| 62 | 111110 | 0x3E | D3 | Mute High Conga | 126 | 1111110 | 0x7E | F#8=Gb8 | - |
| 63 | 111111 | 0x3F | D#3=Eb3 | Open High Conga | 127 | 1111111 | 0x7F | G8 | - |
Control Change List
| No. | Bin | Hex | Program Change Name (GM) | No. | Bin | Hex | Program Change Name (GM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0x00 | Bank Select MSB | 64 | 1000000 | 0x40 | Hold Pedal 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 0x01 | Modulation MSB | 65 | 1000001 | 0x41 | Portament Pedal |
| 2 | 10 | 0x02 | Breath Controller MSB | 66 | 1000010 | 0x42 | Sostenuto Pedal |
| 3 | 11 | 0x03 | - | 66 | 1000011 | 0x43 | Soft Pedal |
| 4 | 100 | 0x04 | Foot Controller MSB | 68 | 1000100 | 0x44 | Legato Pedal |
| 5 | 101 | 0x05 | Portament Time MSB | 69 | 1000101 | 0x45 | Hold Pedal 2 |
| 6 | 110 | 0x06 | Data Entry MSB | 70 | 1000110 | 0x46 | Sound Controller 1 (Sound Variation) |
| 7 | 111 | 0x07 | Channel Volume MSB | 71 | 1000111 | 0x47 | Sound Controller 2 (Harmonic Contents) |
| 8 | 1000 | 0x08 | Balance MSB | 72 | 1001000 | 0x48 | Sound Controller 3 (Release Time) |
| 9 | 1001 | 0x09 | - | 73 | 1001001 | 0x49 | Sound Controller 4 (Attack Time) |
| 10 | 1010 | 0x0A | Pan MSB | 74 | 1001010 | 0x4A | Sound Controller 5 (Brightness) |
| 11 | 1011 | 0x0B | Expression MSB | 75 | 1001011 | 0x4B | Sound Controller 6 (Decay Time) |
| 12 | 1100 | 0x0C | Effect Control 1 MSB | 76 | 1001100 | 0x4C | Sound Controller 7 (Vibrato rate) |
| 13 | 1101 | 0x0D | Effect Control 2 MSB | 77 | 1001101 | 0x4D | Sound Controller 8 (Vibato depth) |
| 14 | 1110 | 0x0E | - | 78 | 1001110 | 0x4E | Sound Controller 9 (Vibrato delay) |
| 15 | 1111 | 0x0F | - | 79 | 1001111 | 0x4F | Sound Controller 10 |
| 16 | 10000 | 0x10 | - | 80 | 1010000 | 0x50 | - |
| 17 | 10001 | 0x11 | - | 81 | 1010001 | 0x51 | - |
| 18 | 10010 | 0x12 | - | 82 | 1010010 | 0x52 | - |
| 19 | 10011 | 0x13 | - | 83 | 1010011 | 0x53 | - |
| 20 | 10100 | 0x14 | - | 84 | 1010100 | 0x54 | Portament Control |
| 21 | 10101 | 0x15 | - | 85 | 1010101 | 0x55 | - |
| 22 | 10110 | 0x16 | - | 86 | 1010110 | 0x56 | - |
| 23 | 10111 | 0x17 | - | 87 | 1010111 | 0x57 | - |
| 24 | 11000 | 0x18 | - | 88 | 1011000 | 0x58 | - |
| 25 | 11001 | 0x19 | - | 89 | 1011001 | 0x59 | - |
| 26 | 11010 | 0x1A | - | 90 | 1011010 | 0x5A | - |
| 27 | 11011 | 0x1B | - | 91 | 1011011 | 0x5B | Effect 1 Deapth (Reverb Send Level) |
| 28 | 11100 | 0x1C | - | 92 | 1011100 | 0x5C | Effect 2 Deapth |
| 29 | 11101 | 0x1D | - | 93 | 1011101 | 0x5D | Effect 3 Deapth (Chorus Send Level) |
| 30 | 11110 | 0x1E | - | 94 | 1011110 | 0x5E | Effect 4 Deapth (Delay Send Level) |
| 31 | 11111 | 0x1F | - | 95 | 1011111 | 0x5F | Effect 5 Deapth |
| 32 | 100000 | 0x20 | Bank Select LSB | 96 | 1100000 | 0x60 | Data Increment |
| 33 | 100001 | 0x21 | Modulation LSB | 97 | 1100001 | 0x61 | Data Decrement |
| 34 | 100010 | 0x22 | Breath Controller LSB | 98 | 1100010 | 0x62 | NRPN LSB |
| 35 | 100011 | 0x23 | - | 99 | 1100011 | 0x63 | NRPN MSB |
| 36 | 100100 | 0x24 | Foot Controller LSB | 100 | 1100100 | 0x64 | RPN LSB |
| 37 | 100101 | 0x25 | Portament Time LSB | 101 | 1100101 | 0x65 | RPN MSB |
| 38 | 100110 | 0x26 | Data Entry LSB | 102 | 1100110 | 0x66 | - |
| 39 | 100111 | 0x27 | Channel Volume LSB | 103 | 1100111 | 0x67 | - |
| 40 | 101000 | 0x28 | Balance LSB | 104 | 1101000 | 0x68 | - |
| 41 | 101001 | 0x29 | - | 105 | 1101001 | 0x69 | - |
| 42 | 101010 | 0x2A | Pan LSB | 106 | 1101010 | 0x6A | - |
| 43 | 101011 | 0x2B | Expression LSB | 107 | 1101011 | 0x6B | - |
| 44 | 101100 | 0x2C | Effect Control 1 LSB | 108 | 1101100 | 0x6C | - |
| 45 | 101101 | 0x2D | Effect Control 2 LSB | 109 | 1101101 | 0x6D | - |
| 46 | 101110 | 0x2E | - | 110 | 1101110 | 0x6E | - |
| 47 | 101111 | 0x2F | - | 111 | 1101111 | 0x6F | - |
| 48 | 110000 | 0x30 | - | 112 | 1110000 | 0x70 | - |
| 49 | 110001 | 0x31 | - | 113 | 1110001 | 0x71 | - |
| 50 | 110010 | 0x32 | - | 114 | 1110010 | 0x72 | - |
| 51 | 110011 | 0x33 | - | 115 | 1110011 | 0x73 | - |
| 52 | 110100 | 0x34 | - | 116 | 1110100 | 0x74 | - |
| 53 | 110101 | 0x35 | - | 117 | 1110101 | 0x75 | - |
| 54 | 110110 | 0x36 | - | 118 | 1110110 | 0x76 | - |
| 55 | 110111 | 0x37 | - | 119 | 1110111 | 0x77 | - |
| 56 | 111000 | 0x38 | - | 120 | 1111000 | 0x78 | All Sound Off |
| 57 | 111001 | 0x39 | - | 121 | 1111001 | 0x79 | Reset All Controller |
| 58 | 111010 | 0x3A | - | 122 | 1111010 | 0x7A | Local Control |
| 59 | 111011 | 0x3B | - | 123 | 1111011 | 0x7B | All Note Off |
| 60 | 111100 | 0x3C | - | 124 | 1111100 | 0x7C | Omni Mode Off |
| 61 | 111101 | 0x3D | - | 125 | 1111101 | 0x7D | Omni Mode On |
| 62 | 111110 | 0x3E | - | 126 | 1111110 | 0x7E | Mono Mode On |
| 63 | 111111 | 0x3F | - | 127 | 1111111 | 0x7F | Mono Mode Off |
Program Change List (Voice Name List) for GM module
| No. | Bin | Hex | Program Change Name (GM) | No. | Bin | Hex | Program Change Name (GM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0x00 | Acoustic Grand Piano | 64 | 1000000 | 0x40 | Sporano Sax |
| 1 | 1 | 0x01 | Bright Acoustic Piano | 65 | 1000001 | 0x41 | Alto Sax |
| 2 | 10 | 0x02 | Electric Grand Piano | 66 | 1000010 | 0x42 | Tenor Sax |
| 3 | 11 | 0x03 | Honky-tonk Piano | 66 | 1000011 | 0x43 | Baritone Sax |
| 4 | 100 | 0x04 | Electric Piano 1 | 68 | 1000100 | 0x44 | Oboe |
| 5 | 101 | 0x05 | Electric Piano 2 | 69 | 1000101 | 0x45 | English Horn |
| 6 | 110 | 0x06 | Harpsichord | 70 | 1000110 | 0x46 | Basoon |
| 7 | 111 | 0x07 | Clavi | 71 | 1000111 | 0x47 | Clarinet |
| 8 | 1000 | 0x08 | Celesta | 72 | 1001000 | 0x48 | Piccolo |
| 9 | 1001 | 0x09 | Glockenspiel | 73 | 1001001 | 0x49 | Flute |
| 10 | 1010 | 0x0A | Music Box | 74 | 1001010 | 0x4A | Recorder |
| 11 | 1011 | 0x0B | Vibraphone | 75 | 1001011 | 0x4B | Pan Flute |
| 12 | 1100 | 0x0C | Marimba | 76 | 1001100 | 0x4C | Blown Bottle |
| 13 | 1101 | 0x0D | Xylophone | 77 | 1001101 | 0x4D | Shakuhachi |
| 14 | 1110 | 0x0E | Tubular Bells | 78 | 1001110 | 0x4E | Whistle |
| 15 | 1111 | 0x0F | Dulcimer | 79 | 1001111 | 0x4F | Ocarina |
| 16 | 10000 | 0x10 | Drawbar Organ | 80 | 1010000 | 0x50 | Lead 1 (square) |
| 17 | 10001 | 0x11 | Percussive Organ | 81 | 1010001 | 0x51 | Lead 2 (saw tooth) |
| 18 | 10010 | 0x12 | Rock Organ | 82 | 1010010 | 0x52 | Lead 3 (calliope) |
| 19 | 10011 | 0x13 | Church Organ | 83 | 1010011 | 0x53 | Lead 4 (chiff) |
| 20 | 10100 | 0x14 | Reed Organ | 84 | 1010100 | 0x54 | Lead 5 (charang) |
| 21 | 10101 | 0x15 | Accordion | 85 | 1010101 | 0x55 | Lead 6 (voice) |
| 22 | 10110 | 0x16 | Harmonica | 86 | 1010110 | 0x56 | Lead 7 (fifths) |
| 23 | 10111 | 0x17 | Tango Accordion | 87 | 1010111 | 0x57 | Lead 8 (bass + lead) |
| 24 | 11000 | 0x18 | Acoustic Guitar (nylon) | 88 | 1011000 | 0x58 | Pad 1 (new age) |
| 25 | 11001 | 0x19 | Acoustic Guitar (steel) | 89 | 1011001 | 0x59 | Pad 2 (warm) |
| 26 | 11010 | 0x1A | Electric Guitar (jazz) | 90 | 1011010 | 0x5A | Pad 3 (polysynth) |
| 27 | 11011 | 0x1B | Electric Guitar (clean) | 91 | 1011011 | 0x5B | Pad 4 (choir) |
| 28 | 11100 | 0x1C | Electric Guitar (muted) | 92 | 1011100 | 0x5C | Pad 5 (bowed) |
| 29 | 11101 | 0x1D | Overdriven Guitar | 93 | 1011101 | 0x5D | Pad 6 (metallic) |
| 30 | 11110 | 0x1E | Distortion Guitar | 94 | 1011110 | 0x5E | Pad 7 (halo) |
| 31 | 11111 | 0x1F | Guitar Harmonics | 95 | 1011111 | 0x5F | Pad 8 (sweep) |
| 32 | 100000 | 0x20 | Acoustic Bass | 96 | 1100000 | 0x60 | FX 1 (rain) |
| 33 | 100001 | 0x21 | Electric Bass (finger) | 97 | 1100001 | 0x61 | FX 2 (soundtrack) |
| 34 | 100010 | 0x22 | Electric Bass (pick) | 98 | 1100010 | 0x62 | FX 3 (crystal) |
| 35 | 100011 | 0x23 | Fretless Bass | 99 | 1100011 | 0x63 | FX 4 (atomosphere) |
| 36 | 100100 | 0x24 | Slap Bass 1 | 100 | 1100100 | 0x64 | FX 5 (brightness) |
| 37 | 100101 | 0x25 | Slap Bass 2 | 101 | 1100101 | 0x65 | FX 6 (goblins) |
| 38 | 100110 | 0x26 | Synth Bass 1 | 102 | 1100110 | 0x66 | FX 7 (echoes) |
| 39 | 100111 | 0x27 | Synth Bass 2 | 103 | 1100111 | 0x67 | FX 8 (sci-fi) |
| 40 | 101000 | 0x28 | Violin | 104 | 1101000 | 0x68 | Sitar |
| 41 | 101001 | 0x29 | Viola | 105 | 1101001 | 0x69 | Banjo |
| 42 | 101010 | 0x2A | Cello | 106 | 1101010 | 0x6A | Shamisen |
| 43 | 101011 | 0x2B | Contrabass | 107 | 1101011 | 0x6B | Koto |
| 44 | 101100 | 0x2C | Tremolo Strings | 108 | 1101100 | 0x6C | Kalimba |
| 45 | 101101 | 0x2D | Pizzicato Strings | 109 | 1101101 | 0x6D | Bag pipe |
| 46 | 101110 | 0x2E | Orchestral Harp | 110 | 1101110 | 0x6E | Fiddle |
| 47 | 101111 | 0x2F | Timpani | 111 | 1101111 | 0x6F | Shanai |
| 48 | 110000 | 0x30 | String Ensemble 1 | 112 | 1110000 | 0x70 | Tinkle Bell |
| 49 | 110001 | 0x31 | String Ensemble 2 | 113 | 1110001 | 0x71 | Agogo |
| 50 | 110010 | 0x32 | Synth Strings 1 | 114 | 1110010 | 0x72 | Steel Drums |
| 51 | 110011 | 0x33 | Synth Strings 2 | 115 | 1110011 | 0x73 | Woodblock |
| 52 | 110100 | 0x34 | Choir Aahs | 116 | 1110100 | 0x74 | Taiko |
| 53 | 110101 | 0x35 | Voice Oohs | 117 | 1110101 | 0x75 | Melodic Tom |
| 54 | 110110 | 0x36 | Synth Vox | 118 | 1110110 | 0x76 | Synth Drum |
| 55 | 110111 | 0x37 | Orchestra Hit | 119 | 1110111 | 0x77 | Reverse Cymbal |
| 56 | 111000 | 0x38 | Trumpet | 120 | 1111000 | 0x78 | Guitar Fret Noise |
| 57 | 111001 | 0x39 | Trombone | 121 | 1111001 | 0x79 | Breath Noise |
| 58 | 111010 | 0x3A | Tuba | 122 | 1111010 | 0x7A | Seashore |
| 59 | 111011 | 0x3B | Muted Trumpet | 123 | 1111011 | 0x7B | Bird Tweet |
| 60 | 111100 | 0x3C | French Horn | 124 | 1111100 | 0x7C | Telephone Ring |
| 61 | 111101 | 0x3D | Brass Section | 125 | 1111101 | 0x7D | Helicopter |
| 62 | 111110 | 0x3E | Synth Brass 1 | 126 | 1111110 | 0x7E | Applause |
| 63 | 111111 | 0x3F | Synth Brass 2 | 127 | 1111111 | 0x7F | Gunshot |